Molecular and Pathogenicity Characteristics of Phytophthora nicotianae Responsible for Root Necrosis and Wilting of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Tunisia

Isolates of Phytophthora from pepper, produced in Tunisia, were characterised according to molecular and pathogenicity criteria. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the ITS1 region in the ribosomal DNA resulted in different sized fragments. The pepper isolates and P. nicotianae yielded a fragment of 310bp that distinguished it from P. capsici with a fragment of 270bp. The ribosomal RNA gene amplicons of both internal transcribed spacers and the 5.8 S of the pepper Phytophthora and P. nicotianae were digested with 8 endonucleases. The patterns generated, with the 2 enzymes that cut, were identical for both taxa. This molecular analysis corroborated the morphological and biological characteristics and suggests strongly that the isolates of Phytophthora from pepper belong to the species P. nicotianae. Inoculation of pepper, tomato, eggplant and tobacco plants with the isolates of P. nicotianae from pepper showed they were highly pathogenic on pepper but not on tobacco, while their pathogenicity was weak on tomato and eggplant and was associated with atypical symptoms not observed in the field. These pathogenicity tests suggest that pepper isolates of P. nicotianae are particularly adapted to their host and may thus constitute a forma specialis of P. nicotianae.     

PCR-based differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum ff. sp. lycopersici and radicis-lycopersici and races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

The pathogenic type (form and race) of Fusarium oxysporum, which generates wilt symptoms on tomato, was rapidly identified with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique. We compared the partial nucleotide sequences of endo polygalacturonase (pg1) and exo polygalacturonase (pgx4) genes from isolates of F. oxysporum ff. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and radicis-lycopersici (FORL) from Japan and designed specific primer sets (uni, sp13, sp23, and sprl) based on the nucleotide differences that appeared among the pathogenic types. PCR with the uni primer set amplified a 670∼672-bp fragment from all isolates of FOL and FORL. With the sp13 primer set, an amplicon of 445 bp was obtained only from isolates of FOL race 1 and 3. With the sp23 primer set, a 518-bp fragment was obtained from isolates of FOL race 2 and 3. The sprl primer set yielded a 947-bp fragment from isolates of FORL, but not from FOL. A combination of amplifications with these primer sets effectively differentiated the pathogenic types of F. oxysporum in tomato.     

食用笋周年供应配置技术研究

根据每个竹种的不同的出笋期选用雷竹、角竹、金竹、绿竹、吊丝单及毛竹(冬笋)配置成周年供笋生产模式样板20公顷。对竹笋的产量、笋期,作了观察、调查。认为在年平均气温18℃左右、一月份平均气温7～8℃、极端最低气温不低于-5℃的条件下,或有丛生的食用竹笋生产的地区,可按此模式配置成周年供笋生产。     

中国黄山苦竹一新变型

本文发表了中国黄山产苦竹一新变型：花秆苦竹Ｐｌｅｉｏｂｌａｓｔｕｓａｍａｒｕｓ（ｋｅｎｇ）ｋｅｎｇｆ．ｆ．ｈｕａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＣ．Ｌ．Ｈｕａｎｇ，ｆ．ｎｏｖ．     

Assessment of the performance of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae fed with fresh and preserved Pavlova lutheri concentrates

The Prymnesiophycea Pavlova lutheriwas produced using a traditional technique (batch mode in carboys) and by an innovative technique (semi-continuous mode in alveolarphotobioreactor). Two experimental feedingtrials were carried out with Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae with freshand preserved (4 °C and 1 °C)P. lutheri concentrates used inmonospecific and bispecific diets, incombination with fresh Chaetoceroscalcitrans forma pumilum. Nodifferences in terms of gross composition andlarval performance were noticed between thefresh algae biomass produced by the twotechniques. The low temperatures allowedpreservation of the nutritionalcharacteristics of the P. lutheri freshculture for the time period considered (27days). The P. lutheri concentratespreserved at 4 °C or 1 °C didnot differ substantially in terms ofnutritional value. Larvae fed a monospecificdiet of P. lutheri, both fresh andpreserved, exhibited a modest growth rate (<2.1 µm day^–1), in some cases notsignificantly different from that observed inthe unfed larvae (the control), and a lowsurvival rate. In contrast, when Chaetoceros calcitrans forma pumilumwas used as a monospecific diet, good growthperformance (>4.5 µm day^–1) and ahigh survival rate (>86%) were observed inlarvae. A substitution of 50% (trial 1) or80% (trial 2) of fresh C. calcitransforma pumilum with the preserved P. lutheri concentrates did not adverselyaffect growth rate or survival of C.gigas larvae.     

尖镰孢酯酶同功酶的测定及其在专化型鉴定上的应用

对尖镰孢（ＦｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｐｓｐｏｒｕｍＳｃｈｌ．）酯酶同功酶的测定结果表明：不同培养条件对尖镰孢酯酶同功酶有明显影响，其酶带数，酶带颜色深浅、宽窄和Ｒｆ值都有明显差异，以培养液成分和培养液偏碱时影响较大，培养温度和培养天数影响较小。在同一培养条件下重复测定同一专化型，酶谱表现稳定，没有差异。测定黄瓜、西瓜、瓠瓜、冬瓜、棉花和芝麻上的尖镰胞的酯酶同功酶谱明显不同。这个方法可用于鉴定尖镰胞的专化型。     

长柄石杉中石杉碱甲的含量测定

[目的]建立HPLC法测定长柄石杉中石杉碱甲的含量。[方法]色谱条件:色谱柱为ZORBAX Extend-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,4.5μm),流动相为乙腈-浓度0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(8∶92,V/V),检测波长为310 nm,柱温为25℃,流速为1 ml/min,进样量为10μl。[结果]石杉碱甲在0.046～0.460μg/ml浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系(R=0.999 9),平均回收率为97.45%,RSD为2.70%,平均含量为0.025%。[结论]该方法简单、易行,可用于长柄石杉中石杉碱甲的含量测定。     

刺瓣绿绒蒿一新变型

[目的]介绍刺瓣绿绒蒿的一个新变型。[方法]在青海省花石峡采集绿绒蒿属藏药时发现了刺瓣绿绒蒿(Meconopsis horridulavar.spinulifera.)的一个白花新变型,与原变种(总状绿绒蒿Meconopsis horridulavar.racemosa)进行了比较。[结果]在青海省玉树州玛多县花石峡生境为海拔4 200 m的小河岸边阳坡草地上发现了刺瓣绿绒蒿的白花新变型,与原变种的区别在于花冠白色;花瓣两面中下部疏生细刺;花柱具4棱,棱呈膜质翅状,宽约1.5 mm;花丝窄线形。[结论]发现的刺瓣绿绒蒿新变型与原变型的主要区别是植物花冠呈白色。     

小孢盘菌（原变型）的生物学特性

小孢盘菌（原变型）[Acervus epispartius（Berk．＆Broome）Pfister forma epispartius]菌丝在PDA和加富培养基上生长良好。适宜温度为25—32℃,适宜含水量为60％-70％。中性和弱碱性环境有利于菌丝生长,但最适pH值为8。菌丝生长对光照度要求不严,但光照度为500lx时菌丝生长最佳。